Timothy Leary Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s,

Timothy Leary Turn on, tune in, drop out. That expression has transformed into the motto of Timothy Leary's brain growing development. Albeit an alum of both West-Point and Berkley, and a Harvard teacher, these were not his most noteworthy lifetime accomplishments. All through his advertised life, he turned into the representative of the hallucinogenic age. His commitment to the conviction that LSD and cannabis were entryways to edification came about in another congregation, various jail sentences, and an after of the two famous people and the overall population. At the point when individuals consider Timothy Leary their prompt reaction is Turn on, tune in, drop out, his trademark line, in spite of the fact that the importance of it has frequently been confused. Playboy Magazine had imagined that his message was supporting, getting high and dropping out of school, (Marwick 311). When asked by the magazine to clarify the significance of the expression he reacted, ?Turn on' signifies to contact the antiquated energies and wisdoms that are incorporated with your sensory system. They give unspeakable delight and disclosure. ?Tune in' signifies to outfit and convey these new points of view in an amicable hit the dance floor with the outer world. ?Drop out' intends to isolate yourself from the innate game. (Marwick 312). This was not the first time his techniques were addressed. Leary was first openly saw, and censured by then individual Harvard educators, for his enthusiasm for LSD when he and companion, Robert Alpert, composed an article for the Release of Atomic Scientist. In the article they depicted a condition that in the occasion of war, the Russians may attempt to bind the American water gracefully with LSD. At that point, at the point when everyone in America is stoned, the Russians would hold onto power. They clarified that so as to keep the situation from occurring, everybody should take a portion of LSD so they can become acclimated with the impacts (Sterns 278). In spite of the fact that the article stunned the Harvard staff, it didn't make him get terminated. Leary was excused from Harvard in 1962, just four years after he started educating there. Leary had tried different things with psilocybin, a psyche modifying compound, on his own and the college over and again requested that he stop, he can't (Brash 139). Despite the fact that it maddened college 2. specialists, they couldn't do much else about the subject since it was a lawful substance. While leading one of his tests he gave a portion of psilocybin to all of his understudies with the exception of one that cannot. The consequence of this left him jobless. In the interim he distributed The Fifth Freedom: The Right to Get High (Sterns 279). The loss of his activity didn't demoralize his interest of LSD, however gave him the opportunity to grow his goal. Before he lost his employment in August 1960, Leary stated, [I] had the most profound strict experience of my life, in the wake of eating seven hallowed mushrooms, which have the concoction psilocybin in them, in one setting (Marwick 310). He rehashed this multiple times in three weeks. Not long after he changed over to Hinduism. Afterward, on August 30, 1963, during a talk in Philadelphia he clarified the event, A significant otherworldly experience should leave afterward a changed man and a changed life. Since my brightening of August 1960, I have dedicated the greater part of my energies to attempt to comprehend the brilliant possibilities of the human sensory system and to make these bits of knowledge accessible to other people. (Marwick 311). Leary endeavored to make the bits of knowledge accessible to others by making the strict experience that he experienced and the reason for it into a congregation. The League for Profound Discovery (notice initials) was made with the congregation saying, You must be insane to ask. The congregation supported one LSD trip for every week and maryjane ordinary. The ceremonies maryjane and LSD should just be utilized by starts and cleric of our religion and utilized uniquely in holy places. (Sterns 279). Supporters of the congregation wore streaming robes and ruminated The point of every Eastern religion, similar to the point of LSD, is essentially to get high: that is, to extend your awareness and discover delight and disclosure inside, Leary clarified. (Reckless 139). Alongside adherents and companions, Ken Kesey and Allen Ginsberg, he battled for the church crosscountry. Various occasions Leary was gotten for ownership of illicit medications and put into jail. By and by, in 1970, he was returned in jail for a medication infringement in California, inside a month he got away and fled to Afghanistan. He was gotten by the FBI and made an arrangement with them to bring down his sentence (Marwick 330). When free Leary kept on getting the message out of the

Basquiat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Basquiat - Essay Example In spite of the fact that there were attempting circumstances from his youth ahead, he figured out how to locate the most suitable approaches to counter them and to be careful in his street to notoriety. He painted as a craftsman who never troubled of limitations and he didn't have anything to lose. Basquiat battled against many troubling circumstances throughout his life and rose to achieve acknowledgment constantly 1980 through 'The Times Square Show'. He teamed up with numerous specialists of his time, including craftsmanship journalists, caretakers, and authorities, to frame a gathering which later came to be called as the Neo-expressionist development. In spite of the fact that the painter created to be one of the most acknowledged craftsmen of his time, his companions were stressed over his extraordinary medication utilization, erratic conduct and so forth. Before he passed on at his 27 because of blended medication poisonousness, he had accomplished huge acknowledgment. For a total comprehension of the life and masterful works of Basquiat, it is crucial to rely upon the credible book reference on him. Be that as it may, the estimation of the visual methods alongside the composed word can't be disregarded. Truth be told, the visual media has had the option to offer a more noteworthy familiarity with Basquiat's life. Hence, however Basquiat has been memorialized through the biopic in 1996 by Julian Schnabel just as the top rated account of Basquiat by Phoebe Hoban in 1998, the previous has a more prominent incentive to the crowd as it offers a total image of the life of the craftsman through different viewpoints, for example, music and the audio cues, the impact of acting, and the other special visualizations. This paper manages an examination between the perusing and the film so as to propose why the visual portrayal has a prevalent legitimacy in understanding the life of Basquiat. Through his life story of Basquiat, Phoebe Hoban had the option to make a genuine image of the craftsman's life, however it was never a total picture to the perusers, the same number of regularly he neglected to identify with the incredible feeling of the perusers. Basquiat is spoken to as the most infamous craftsman who neglected to achieve his objectives. Hoban presents the life of this extraordinary craftsman as took advantage of both popularity and eagerness which were the attributes of the 1980s. Basquiat's life spread over a noteworthy move in the workmanship world, from Pop to Neo-Expressionism, from hip to publicity. (Hoban) To the biographer, spray painting was just the start for the painter and he before long associated with a New York scene which thought about craftsmanship as a component of the entire exhibit of media. 'Specialists were stirring up their media,' Phoebe Hoban proposes, and 'music film, painting and design were recombining in creative manners' toward the fi nish of 1970s and mid 1980s. (Thompson, 68) According to Hoban, Basquiat's elaborate characteristics are a piece of built up African-American stylish customs. The account of Basquiat proposes why the craftsman had the option to achieve as an incredible painter. As needs be, his contemporary world just as the ensuing time frames neglected to perceive the characteristics in Basquiat's compositions and to focus instead'on his big name way of life' (Thompson, 69) Similarly, the workmanship development of the time likewise neglected to accomplish a huge effect on the situation. The life story Basquiat by Hoban,

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Maintain Mystery to Capture Your Readers Interest

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Maintain Mystery to Capture Your Readers Interest High school students are often taught that they must begin an essay with an introduction that outlines all of the issues that will addressed in the rest of the text. We have found that offering such comprehensive introductions is not, however, very effective for application essays. These sorts of openings leave little to no mystery for the body of the essay, which means the reader could easily lose interest. The following paragraph, which is an introduction to an application essay on ones “impact on a group and what he/she learned from the experience,” is basically a series of stylistic errorsâ€"one of the most egregious of which is eliminating the mystery by frontloading with too much information: “My most crucial task this past year was managing a project in collaboration with Oracle to develop a $10.5M integrated database system for large clothing retailers. I led a 26-member team from my firm, ABC Technology, and Oracle to establish the design, monitor the systems and train new members to manage the completed project. I also evaluated security risks, managed budgetary needs and developed quality assurance testing plans to meet Oracle and retailer specifications. I faced many challenges while working with culturally and geographically diverse teams, but overcame these challenges through unique team-building exercises and my own effective leadership, and we completed the project on time.” In this poorly written paragraph, the reader does not receive merely an introduction to the significant issues, but rather an abbreviated version of the entire story. By the end of this paragraph, the reader knows not only what all of the technical and human resource issues were but also that they were ultimately overcome and that the project was delivered on time. What is left for the reader to discover? By ensuring that only the main issuesâ€"the technological and personnel challengesâ€"are mentioned in the introduction, and presented in an open-ended way, the writer sustains the reader’s interest: “When I contemplated leading a joint ABC Technology and Oracle team to develop a $10.5M inventory management system for large retailers, I imagined that the problems I would face would be purely technical. While I did encounter a litany of technical obstacles, more significantly, I found that fusing two teams from entirely different cultures presented the greatest challenges to my leadership skills. As I set out to meld 26 individuals into a unified and directed group, I transitioned from a technophile to a manager capable of harnessing the strengths of a culturally and geographically diverse team.” In this example, the first few sentences introduce the reader to the problem, but the final sentence creates an incentive for the reader to continue reading. The reader is left with questions: “How did the candidate harness these strengths?” “How did the candidate complete this professional transition?” Unfortunately, there are no simple rules for maintaining the mystery; you will need to exercise judgment and try to objectively ask yourself: “What is spurring my reader to learn more?” Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

The Uniform Crime Reporting System - 1623 Words

The Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR) is a voluntary city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement program that provides a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of statistics by law enforcement agencies throughout the country (â€Å"UCR, 2013). The UCR crime statistics are used in many ways and serve many purposes. It provides resources for different audiences such as businesses, intelligence partners, law enforcement, communities, crime victims, parents , researchers and students. Individual agencies used the reports to analyze data related to their location for accuracy. The program offers advantages for the public and various agencies but if not appropriately studied it may lead to inaccurate forecasting and adverse effects. The crime statistics available varies from specific offenses within categories of violent crimes, property crimes, hate crimes, etc. Burglary is a specific property crime that will be analyzed using the UCR rep orts. The UCR site offers an array of useful information in regards to criminal statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Individual agencies classify information that is pertinent to their research through the publications, resources, program updates and data collected. Through the publications on this site, agencies can classify by offenses, region, state, and local agency. Some of the data that can be obtained are related to offenses for violent crime and property crime,Show MoreRelatedPredicting Crime With The Uniform Crime Reporting System1518 Words   |  7 Pages Predicting Crime with the Uniform Crime Reporting System Published: 28, March 2016 The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been the beginning spot for law implementation administrators, understudies of criminal equity, analysts, individuals from the media, and general society everywhere looking for data on wrongdoing in the country. The system was considered in 1929 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police to address the issue for solid uniform wrongdoing insights for the countryRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reporting System Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to O’Brien (1985) The Uniform Crime Reporting system (UCR) was developed in the 1920’s in order to create a system that would report crime uniformly across the many different jurisdictions in the United States. For the purpose of this paper I am going to discuss the debate between the relationships of the overrepresentation of minorities in crime statics and if the results are biased based on race. There is a debate regarding the accuracy of the statistics provided by offic ial data resourcesRead MoreThe Flawed System Of The Uniform Crime Reporting Program882 Words   |  4 PagesThe two flawed systems that are in use for collecting crime statistics in the United States are, Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). These programs were developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigations to collect crime data from around the United States. Both systems are outdated and need to be updated. Although these programs may be flawed, they are still used to collect very important data that is collected to write new policies thatRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reports The National Incident Based Reporting System978 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uniform Crime Reports verses The National Incident Based Reporting System The purpose of this abstract is to critically review the primary data sources used in the criminological research. The two key factors that measures crime are distinguished: official crime statistics, which are based on the compile data records of offenders and offenses processed by the police, courts, and corrections agencies; and unofficial crime statistics, which are produced by people and agencies outside the criminalRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report And The National Incident Based Reporting System2077 Words   |  9 Pagesorting System fall under the Uniform Crime Reporting Program that provides information on crime all of the United States. This includes regions, states, counties, cities, towns, tribal law enforcement, colleges and universities. In this paper we will compare and contrast the two primary crime data sources used within the United States, the Uniform Crime Report and the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Before we do this, we will discuss each source ind ividually and how it is used in CriminologicalRead Morepredicting crime with the unifrom crime reporting system Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesPREDICTING CRIME WITH THE UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING SYSTEM Predicting Crime With the Uniform Crime Reporting System Mitchell Adair Introduction to Criminal Justice: CJA 105-AUO A01 Argosy University 1 The Uniform Crime Reporting System is a statistical effort that is said to be cooperative of more than ten thousand state, city, and county law enforcement agencies on a basis that is considered Read MoreMeasuring Crime Essay914 Words   |  4 Pages Measuring Crime Crime measurement and statistics for police departments are very important when it comes to money allotment, staffing needs or termination and it is also used to determine the effectiveness of new laws and programs. There are three tools used to measure major crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey and the National Incident Based Reporting System- which is currently being tested to replace the Uniform Crime Reports. AlthoughRead MoreMeasuring Crime1070 Words   |  5 PagesMeasuring Crime in the United States Kyra Pettit CJA/204 August 5, 2013 Dr. Wafeeq Sabir Measuring Crime in the United States In the following paper, these criminal justice students will address the three major points of crime measurement in the United States. Even though there may be changes of crime statistics, but not changes in the crime rate; that is because crime can be measured in numerous ways. Two measuring systems being the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and Uniform CrimeRead MoreFBI Uniform Crime Report1064 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Uniform Crime Reporting Gabriel Padua CJA/314 January 20, 2015 Paulina Solis Uniform Crime Report Ever wonder how crimes are measured? What is FBI Uniform Crime Report data? How these Crime Statistics are produce? And how is burglary define? FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Data The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is one of the two ways crime rates are measured in the United States. The Uniform Crime Reports (n.d.) website, UCR is the starting place for law enforcement executives, criminalRead MoreThe Sources Of Criminal Statistics872 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sources of Criminal Statistics The two flawed systems that are in use for collecting crime statistics in the United States are, Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). These programs were developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigations to collect crime data from around the United States. Both systems are outdated and need to be updated. Although these programs may be flawed, they are still used to collect very important data that are

Death Valley, the Lowest and Hottest Place in the U.S.

Death Valley is a large part of the Mojave Desert located in California near its border with Nevada. Most of Death Valley is in Inyo County, California and comprises most of Death Valley National Park. Death Valley is significant to the United States geography because it is considered the lowest point in the contiguous U.S. at an elevation of -282 feet (-86 m). The region is also one of the hottest and driest in the country. The Vast Area Death Valley has an area of about 3,000 square miles (7,800 sq km) and runs from the north to the south. It is bounded by the Amargosa Range to the east, the Panamint Range to the west, the Sylvania Mountains to the north and the Owlshead Mountains to the south. From Lowest to Highest Death Valley is located only 76 miles (123 km) from Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous U.S. at 14,505 feet (4,421 m). The Climate The climate of Death Valley is arid and because it is bounded by mountains on all sides, hot, dry air masses often get trapped in the valley. Therefore, extremely hot temperatures are not uncommon in the area. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Death Valley was 134Â °F (57.1Â °C) at Furnace Creek on July 10, 1913. Temperature Average summer temperatures in Death Valley frequently exceed 100Â °F (37Â °C) and the average August high temperature for Furnace Creek is 113.9Â °F (45.5Â °C). By contrast, the average January low is 39.3Â °F (4.1Â °C). The Big Basin Death Valley is a part of the U.S. Basin and Range province as it is a low point surrounded by very high mountain ranges. Geologically, basin and range topography is formed by fault movement in the region that causes the land to drop down to form valleys and land to rise up to form mountains. Salt in the Land Death Valley also contains salt pans which indicate that the area was once a large inland sea during the Pleistocene epoch. As the Earth began to warm into the Holocene, the lake in Death Valley evaporated to what it is today. The Native Tribe Historically, Death Valley has been home to Native American tribes and today, the Timbisha tribe, which has been in the valley for at least 1,000 years, inhabits the region. Becoming a National Monument On February 11, 1933, Death Valley was made a National Monument by President Herbert Hoover. In 1994, the area was re-designated as a National Park. Vegetation Most of the vegetation in Death Valley consists of low-lying shrubs or no vegetation unless near a water source. At some of Death Valleys higher locations, Joshua Trees and Bristlecone Pines can be found. In the spring after winter rains, Death Valley is known to have large plant and floral blooms in its wetter areas. Wildlife Death Valley is home to many different types of small mammals, birds, and reptiles. There are also a variety of larger mammals in the area which include Bighorn Sheep, coyotes, bobcats, kit foxes and mountain lions.To learn more about Death Valley, visit the official website of Death Valley National Park. References Wikipedia. (2010, March 16). Death Valley - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_ValleyWikipedia. (2010, March 11). Death Valley National Park - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park

Pros and Cons of Marijuana - 863 Words

The legalization of marijuana has been a highly debated topic for many of years. Since the first president to the most recent, our nation’s leaders have consumed the plant known as weed. With such influential figures openly using this drug why is it so frowned upon? Marijuana is considered a gateway drug, a menace to society, and mentally harmful to its consumers. For some people weed brings a sense of anxiety, dizziness, or unsettling feeling. Like alcohol, tobacco or any other drug, those chemicals may not respond well with their body. For other people marijuana brings joy, a sense of relief, and takes the edge off of every day stress. For those who are associated with cannabis, purposes usually range from a relaxant, or cash crop, to†¦show more content†¦Countless trees would be allowed to remain standing for oxygen production and carbon sequestration, which would reduce global warming. With the legalization of marijuana we could start to once again uses and create these materials through hemp. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both grew hemp. In fact at one point every farmer was required to designate a percent of their crops to growing hemp. Ben Franklin owned a mill that made hemp paper; and Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence on hemp paper (Conrad, Frazier). Hemp can be used for a number of things and is good for the environment, but the part of the plant that gets people â€Å"high† is THC. This is interesting because delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC pills have been approved by the FDA and have been on the market since 1985 (Dubner para.5). So if the only part of the plant that is abused for recreational use is legal for you to purchase what the government is so worried about? Of course health concerns could not be the answer, or tobacco would be illegal as well. To discover this answer we must first dive deeper into the context. One function of government is to protect citizens from harm, whether it is from foreign enemies or from internal causes such as poisonous food or contaminated water. Similarly, the ban on marijuana protects citizens from the dangers of drug consumption, as well as potentiallyShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1226 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Marijuana? According to Dictionary.com, Marijuana is, â€Å"a preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria†(marijuana). Marijuana, also known as â€Å"Mary Jane†, is drawn out to be an extremely horrible, life-ruining drug. Children learn that marijuana is a â€Å"gateway† drug and that it only does harm. Though it can be quite addictive, Marijuana is safer than commonly used drugs like Tobacco and could possibly be moreRead MorePros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana2690 Words   |  11 Pages Marijuana Angela Stackhouse 05/07/09 Marijuana The uses of marijuana amongst teenagers has increased over the years making it the most accessible drug in America as well as one the most beneficial due to its medical uses. According to the article of Marijuana Use Among Youths Is a Serious Problem, written by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA) (2004), stated that the uses of marijuana has impacted the youth in many ways due to the unknown factorsRead MorePros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana784 Words   |  4 Pages According to the English Oxford Living Dictionaries (2017), marijuana is â€Å"Cannabis, especially as smocked or consumed as a psychoactive (mind-altering) drug.† Although marijuana is illegal by the federal law, 29 states have legalized the use of medical marijuana, and in 8 states anyone over the age of 21 can buy marijuana (Nathan, D. L., Clark, H. W., Elders, J, 2017, p. 1746). Many Americans tend to experiment with drugs when put in a certain social ev ent, but rarely abuse drugs or become a drugRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana715 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana legalization is a controversial subject with many different problems and solutions. Marijuana has benefits and disadvantages to using it (and many viewpoints on said pros and cons) so one person cannot be the only authority on the subject. Marijuana could possibly be used as a medicine, and although legalizing marijuana could have some benefits, the action could have serious repercussions. The legalization of medical marijuana could have positive benefits to the United States governmentRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana1880 Words   |  8 PagesPros and Cons Of Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a very common street and recreational drug that comes from the marijuana plant. The plant that produces marijuana, as is well known, is the hemp plant cannabis sativa. The pharmacologically active ingredient in marijuana is tetra-hydro-cannabinol. Marijuana is used to heighten perception, affect mood and relax. It is estimated that about thirty percent of adults in the U.S. use marijuana. Many people think marijuana is harmless. It is not.Read MoreEssay on Legalizing Marijuana: Pros and Cons1599 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2007, $42 billion was spent on the marijuana prohibition. That is more money than the war on drugs spent on all types of drugs three years before when $40 billion was spent all together. Why is our government focusing on a drug that can be called merely harmless to those who use it? Why is this drug getting more money spent on it than drugs that are highly addictive and life threatening? Marijuana is not as dangerous as people may want it to seem. Marijuana is a product of the Cannabis staviaRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1442 Words   |  6 Pagesof Marijuana remains as one of the most controversial topics. Marijuana, also known as Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to national surveys conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), â€Å"marijuana use rose from 4.1 percent to 9.5 percent of the U.S. adult population in the past decade.† The increase of Marijuana use created an ongoing debate over whether it should be federally legalized or not. Supporters of marijuana legalizationRead MorePros and Cons of Legalising Marijuana1126 Words   |  5 Pagestheory that cannabis is a ‘gateway drug’ also arises. Despite the current marijuana laws, medical research has shown a variety of therapeutic benefits that arise from the use of cannabis. (Gowling et al. 1998, p. 446)) Revealed that ‘Over the years, cannabis has been claimed to increase appetite, relax the muscle, improve mood, relieve anxiety and combat pain and nausea’. As a result of these advantages, medical marijuana advocates support and has pushed for the legalisation of cannabis. HoweverRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America (behind only alcohol and tobacco), and has been used by nearly 100 million Americans. According to government surveys, some 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 14 million do so regularly despite harsh laws against its use. Our public policies should reflect this reality, not deny it.(keith stroepe). Marijuana should be legalized for medical use across the country. Marijuana has been usedRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana557 Words   |  3 Pageslegalization of marijuana is a very debatable subject, some people think it is bad and should be illegal, and some people think it is good in some ways if used properly. It should be legal because it has few negative effects, it serves other purposes than getting people stoned, and it is better than other drugs. Many advocates say â€Å" Marijuana is a common drug used by many people.†(Sandra) A lot of people think marijuana has numerous amounts of negative effects on the body. Marijuana helps the body

Law and Ethics in nursing and healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Law and Ethics in nursing and healthcare. Answer: Review situation determine health problems, decision needed, ethical components and key individuals. Anna the nurse using the blog post she has created is writing about the patients that she has encountered during the course of her professional duty. She does not identify the names of the patient and the age but identifies the type of diagnosis by the patients (Avery, 2017). In her blog posts she highlights the various diseases suffered by the patients and probably the date that she attended to the patient before some of her former colleagues commented on her posts. The health problems associated with this is that, the colleagues or the nurses associated working with Anna will know who the patient is and is automatically in breach of the medical privacy policy (Avery, 2017). Another health problem associated with this is it exposes the medical conditions of all the patients that have attended the medical clinic and exposes their medical background. Confidentiality is an essential aspect in the relationship between the patient and the health professional. It revolves around ethical principles of non-malfeasance and autonomy that is linked to the preservation of a patients information (BarCharts Henry., 2013). Legal regulations make professional secrecy an obligation in the working environment.The sensitive information that the patient is giving to the medical practitioner and in this case it is the nurse should be guarded to the highest honors. The key individuals involved in this kind of setting are the nurse, Anne, her colleagues who are well known to her and the patients that are being discussed on her blog post. Other key individuals are her current employer, her former employer and the nurses board for ethical discipline to the parties involved. Gather information to clarify the situation Anne needs to understand that her blog post goes against and contravenes the ethical values of the nurses board. As a professional nurse, the first thing she should realize is that it is illegal to write confidential information on patients that have been treated in a clinic she works in as this is private information that can be used by other parties (BarCharts Henry., 2013). This is according to the code of ethics and professional conduct provided by the Malaysian nursing board in the third value statement which requires the practitioner to respect the clients rights to confidentiality (International, 2017). The additional information needed in this case are the patients names, the age, the gender and probably any other thing that specifically points out to a certain patient. This may also include the name of the clinic she works in, the time the patient attended the clinic and the doctor in charge. Although she has not given this information, the little that she used to describe the patients was clearly known by her former colleagues and this may well be giving out of confidential information (Brannigan Boss, 2001). Identify ethical issues in the situation. The issues arising from this situation is the professional secrecy issue in the practiceinclude ; Professionalism Professional secrecy in the practice of medicine has been a topic of interest throughout history (BarCharts Henry., 2013). According to the ICN (International Code of Ethics for Nurses), the elements of the code state that a nurse should hold in confidence personal information and is required to use judgement in sharing this information. Anna did not observe this code when she was blogging. She also breached the Nurses and Co-workers code stipulated in the International Code of Ethics for Nurses when she failed to respect her co workers(employer). Since time immemorial has taken special care to maintain the reservation of information collected Is formulated the "Hippocratic Oath" which among its five obligations includes the following ("Nursing Guidelines and Standards | SNB", 2017). Autonomy I will keep silence on all that in my profession, or outside it, hear or see in the lives of men who should not be public, keeping these things in a way that cannot be spoken of. Fidelity This point of oath, present in the Western medical tradition throughout the centuries is collected and adapted in the codes of ethics of the health professions Define personal and professional moral positions. In the personal and moral positions it is wrong for Anne, to write about the patients even though she has not written the names of the patients. Her colleagues should also not comment on her blog posts if they know the said patients (BarCharts Henry., 2013). Professionally it is morally wrong to divulge personal information to the public. The profession should respect the rights and privacy of the patients. Identify the moral positions of key individuals involved Anne, the nurse is completely wrong to write a blog post about the patient. Medical practitioners should take the Hippocratic Oath that guard most of the information of a patient from third parties and people who may take the documents (BarCharts Henry., 2013). Anne needs to correctly understand that ethical issues should be used to guide what she is writing on her blog post (Brannigan Boss, 2001). The employers after realizing that she has made a problem, Anne, should not only pull down the blog post but also the nurses board should punish her and her fellow colleagues as well as face the sack by her current employer. value conflicts There are various legislations in the nursing profession that protects a persons right to confidentiality and privacy of health and personal information (Brannigan Boss, 2001). Health care professionals and bodies should exercise care in the disclosure and how they use health information. Nurses should adhere to an ethical responsibility to secure and safeguard information obtained during the nurse client relationship (Brannigan Boss, 2001). Standard number 2 of the Singapore Nursing board(SNB) requires a Nurse to keep information collected in her practice as confidential as possible. Although Anna may have been relaying the truths as she viewed it during her community work, she may have gone overboard when she wrote disrespectful comments of her employer and clients(Code of ethics for Nurses,2017). As a nurse, Anna failed to keep the oath of secrecy that is require in the health sector. She failed in her role to safeguard the information that she had gathered from her clients as well as her employers working relationship (Code of ethics, 2010).. Anna has failed as a nurse to respect both her clients and her employer by using her blog and entertaining disrespectful comments on what she wrote. Although Anna does not mention the names of her clients, she breached the privacy Act and Personal information and protection Act. In her blog Anna is disrespectful to her clients and employer in her blog. Determine who should make the decisions. Her employer should decide whether to take legal action against Anna because of her actions, and because she has breached the client-nurse relationship of confidentiality. Anna should decide whether she wants to continue working at the clinic after her actions, and also she should decide whether to offer apologies to both her employers and patients if she decides to continue working there (Weber, 2001). The disciplinary council should decide if her actions meet the threshold required to deregister a member who has breached the bodies code of ethics and take the necessary disciplinary action. Identify range of actions with anticipated outcomes. Alternatives Consequenses No action Anna will continue blogging and disrespecting her clients and employers. The community and clients will lose trust on the organization and may opt getting their services elsewhere (Dimond, 2014). If no action is taken by the management of the clinic, she might get sued by the clients. Report to the relevant authorities There are several bodies that govern the profession, and the management together with the clients who felt violated by what she had written should take the issue up with the authorities (Code of ethics, 2010). Anna should be given a suspension or deregistered from the nurses union if she is found to have grossly breached the code of ethics (Harman, 2013). She should be fined in terms of penalizing her in monetary form to compensate those that have been affected. Confronting Anna Anna should be confronted and be forced to apologize to the clients that have been hurt by her actions. Terminating her contract Terminating her contract or dismissal is another action that should be explored. If she is terminated, the clients may feel that the problem has been addressed as it should be (Harman, 2013). This may give the clients confidence to return to the clinic knowing that their private information will not be exposed by Anna or any other health worker in that facility(BeauchampChildress,n.d). If there are other employees, they will refrain from any activities that may expose clients personal information to the world (Nursing, 2008). Her termination will serve as a lesson to her not to breach the patient nurse confidentiality code and other principles governing her profession. This action will force her to have respect to her employers as well as her patients. Decide on a course of action and carry it out. Anna should select a course of action that will not hurt her career, she should offer to apologize to both the management of clinic and the patients who have been affected by her negative sentiments written in the blog (Weber, 2001). The professional body for nurses should also take necessary action to ensure that all parties aggrieved are given a fair deal (Code of ethics, 2010). Evaluate / review results of decision / action Aggrieved parties and more so the patient must be the ones to determine whether the best action was taken against Anna, The professional body governing the nurses should ensure that Anna serves as an example to other medical practitioners who might be engaging in similar acts (Cordess, 2001). Although she may have not disclosed the patients name, it is wrong to post or disclose information that is too obvious for people to figure out who and what she was talking about. Thus, her actions were in contravention of the confidentiality that should be maintained by a medical practitioner towards the patients health information (Nursing, 2008). Confidentiality is a key aspect of the relationship between health professionals and patients. It presupposes the transfer of the patient from a reserved part of himself and the ethical principles of autonomy and non-maleficence are intimately linked with their preservation (Dimond, 2014). Numerous legal rules also oblige professional secrecy, imposing in some cases harsh penalties which are often unknown. As the clinical history is the document where the relationship with the patient is reflected, it requires extraordinary protection because of the especially sensitive nature of the information contained in it (Code of ethics, 2010). It is mandatory for the professional who prepares it to know some basic aspects of the fundamental laws that regulate it in different aspects. In this article a review is made for issues that are sometimes known in the abstract, but which are included in legal regulations, such as ownership of the medical history, subjective annotations, custody and rec tification or who and for what Access it (Code of ethics, 2010). References Avery, G. (2017).Law and ethics in nursing and healthcare. Sage Publications Ltd. BarCharts, I., Henry. (2013).Nursing. Boca Raton: BarCharts, Inc. Beauchamp, T., Childress, J.Principles of biomedical ethics. Brannigan, M., Boss, J. (2001).Healthcare ethics in a diverse society. Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield Pub. Co. Code of ethics. (2010). Canberra, A.C.T. Cordess, C. (2001).Confidentiality and mental health. London, Eng.: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Code of Ethics for Nurses. (2017).Icn.ch. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.icn.ch/who-we-are/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/ Dimond, B. (2014).Legal Aspects of Patient Confidentiality. Luton: Andrews UK. Harman, L. (2013).Ethical challenges in the management of health information. [United States]: Cram101, Inc. International, J. (2017). Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/improve/international-patient-safety-goals/ Lachman, V. (2006).Applied ethics in nursing. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Lowrance, W. (2012).Privacy, confidentiality, and health research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nursing. (2008). Ambler. Nursing Guidelines and Standards | SNB. (2017).Healthprofessionals.gov.sg. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/content/hprof/snb/en/leftnav/nursing_guidelines_and_standards.html Robichau, B. (2014).Healthcare Information Privacy and Security. Berkeley, CA: Apress. Weber, L. (2001).Business ethics in healthcare. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover Essay Example For Students

The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover Essay The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover When one thinks of the term propaganda, what comes to mind? Would it bring a positive response? Would it bring a negative response? When one thinks of propaganda in association with the Holocaust, what comes to mind? A positive response or a negative response? Most likely a negative response. Why is propaganda any different from what any political party or regime does, namely to disseminate its views? Is propaganda simply the name we give to views which we do not like or which we think to be untrue? And finally, was the role of propaganda in the Nazis assumption of power overstated? (Daniel Goldhagen, 1996) As many people who are learned in the field of the Holocaust will agree, propaganda played an extremely vital part in the Nazis rise to power, as well as their brain-washing of the German population into detesting all, of what they considered, heretics to the degree of accepting their murders. Validity of the accusations upon which they attempted to justify their action against the Jews was not an issue. The issue in this case was its power of persuasion. Although to achieve this goal the Nazi party deemed it necessary to monopolize the communications, media, and entertainment industries, Germany already had a strong anti-Semitic background. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now European anti-Semitism is an outgrowth of Christianity. Since the time of the Roman Empire, Christian leaders preached boundlessly against Jews. It escalated from generation to generation, for as long a the Jews rejected Jesus as their Messiah, the Jews challenged the whole belief system of Christianity. The idea that it was the Jews that killed their savior also evolved from that time period. Along those lines, the notion that all Jews of forever were responsible for Jesus death, for they approved of the crime, would have certainly done it again (according to the anti-Semitics), and had always rejected his teachings. As the Medieval period came, the Christians hatred for Jews further articulated and was brought to a new level. The Christians in the Medieval world saw Jews in twofold opposition to Christianity: they rejected his revelation and were his killers. In addition, church members had much detested the Jews on the basis that they should have accepted Jesus as their Messiah. Consequently, persecution and killing of the Jews became a part of everyday life, leaving many regions of Western Europe without any Jews by the end of the sixteenth century. Entering the nineteenth century, German anti-Semitism went through an acute transformation. It was then that it made its change from a religious issue, to a racial one. Germans naturally detested Jews, and with a passion. Nineteenth century Germans now saw Jews as the symbol for everything awry in their declining economy, even though they made up but a mere one percent of the population. Soon the cultural taboos that had formerly shaped the moral fabric of Germany at the time lost all influence. It was then that German anti-Semitism reached a high point: false, cruel, yet indisputable accusations. Prostitution, sexual degradation and depravity, and the sexual assaulting of unsuspecting German virgins are examples. The Germans also imagined Jew conducting ritual murders. By the time the Nazi party instituted totalitarian control, all that remained was to build on the framework provided by the nineteenth century. A framework which included anti-Semitism being common knowledge, Germans obsessive hatred toward Jews, the common belief of Jews being the reason for their collapsing economy, the belief of Jews being evil and a source of great harm. This new type of anti-Semitism was of a savage nature and a logic that it was necessary to rid Germany, along with the rest of the world, of Jews by whatever means necessary. Already having a foundation for their cause, all the Nazis had to do was execute their strategies. Even before gaining full control in January of 1933, they used all possible methods, and even introduced new forms of publicity, to get national attention and recognition. The Nazi party sponsored mass meetings and pageants, distributed all sorts of visual aids and propaganda, and assumed control of the radio and film industry. Once the Nazis gained control they used all the above means and more to strengthen their totalitarian control on the German population. By means of blatant false claims and accusations, the Nazis made untrue justifications for political and military aggression, as well as enthusiasm toward Nazi goals. Hitler knew how he had to manipulate propaganda to get positive results from the population. In his book, Mein Kampf, he wrote:To whom should propaganda be addressed? To the scientifically trained intelligentsia or to the less educated masses? It must be addressed always and solely to the masses. What the intelligentsianeed is not propaganda but scientific instruction. The content of propaganda is as far from being science as the object depicted in a poster is from being art. A posters art lies in the designers ability to capture the attention of the masses by form and color. The function of propaganda does not lie in the scientific training of the individual, but rather in directing the attention of the masses toward certain factsIt must be directed toward the emotions, and only to a very limited extent toward the so-called intellect. The receptive ability of the masses is very limited, their intelligence is small, their forgetfulness enormous. Therefore, all propaganda has to limit itself to a very few points and repeat them like slogans until even the very last man is able to understand what you want him to understand.And that is the basis upon which Hitler set up his whole campaign. He wanted to aim his propaganda crusade exclusively toward the masses. In doing so they would accept it as a decree. Furthermore, it was extremely important that the material exposed to the masses appeal to the interests of the majorities, and not address itself to just the intellect. Propaganda had to be popular and be geared in order for even the most simple-minded individuals to understand. Equally as important, was the necessity to give the people the conceptual truth, but really only spreading the information the leader wanted to disseminate. .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 , .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .postImageUrl , .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 , .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:hover , .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:visited , .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:active { border:0!important; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:active , .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763 .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e273349fcafed2a25416898c92cd763:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Deloitte normal anti-Semitism by giving the Jews the title of enemy of the common people. Two elements, hatred and racism, were integrated in propaganda to urge the population to find the importance of ridding Germany of the parasitic/blood-sucking Jew. In Hitlers view, anti-Semitism was a vital weapon in the propaganda enterprise. He insisted that wherever it is used, it has a huge effect, and refused to it disregarded as a political weapon. So began the obsessive anti-Semitic propaganda campaign of Nazi Germany. To achieve their goal, they began using all means of media. Early on, the Nazis began showing very anti-Semitic movies and shows, as did they air such programs o n the radio. They were now getting closer and closer to their goal of having the population detest to the Jews, to the point where the commonly seen distasteful episodes in Polish ghettos lead the people to accept the beating, killing, and liquidation of Jews. The Nazis even got international protests to subside. They aired movies exemplifying the pleasant conditions in the concentration camps. For example, the Nazis broadcasted scenes of a masquerade presented at the Theresienstadt camp. In recognition of the significant role propaganda was playing in the Nazis battle, the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (Reichsministerium fr Volksaufklrung und Propaganda) was created on March 5, 1933. Headed by Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi expert in propaganda and a notoriously persuasive speaker, a new generation of radio, press, cinema, and arts manipulation was brought forth. Goebbles ran the department from an old palace which oversaw thirty-two other field offices. He recruited the brigh test, most intelligent young men he could find to work in his department. In the Nazis industrial takeover of Germany, the propaganda machine was then set up into seven different sections, each in charge of the a department:Anyone who produced, distributed, broadcasted, published, or sold any form of cinema, media, press, or literature had to first join one of the departments and then follow all rules of the department head. That person was usually Joseph Goebbles. Naturally, no Jews, non-Aryans, or any of Hitlers adversaries were not allowed to join. Thus, without a license to practice their businesses, all artists, writers, publishers, producers, or directors could not work or do any business in their field. Also along with those quotas, came the prohibition of all Jewish newspapers, radio, and cinema. Part of Hitlers master plan was to have his nation to become the most powerful country in the world; an Aryan nation, that is. Without a doubt, that requires more Aryans. As a part of this theory, the fuhrer, with much assistance form Goebbles, began a new campaign. This time, it was aimed at women. Hitler wanted to encourage good health and child birth among women. There were two things that constituted this: having women take on a nursing, house-wife role and for them to make time for activity, such as sports. However, it would not be easy to entice women to compromise on giving up what they considered to be a trim figure. Hitler needed to replace the traditional fit look for women with a more substantial motherly looking image (refer to doc. pic of woman)The World and the Jews, 1933-1945 84). Workers in the arts industry were urged to use such women in their work. Hitler even granted an award to any German woman who gave birth to six or more children. SS troops were given instructions to marry blond-haired, blue-eyed women who had not yet received the Reich sports award. The family life campaign soon branched off to another important issue, education. For if Germany were to be flooded with Aryan children they had to get the right education and to be taught by the right teachers: Nazi teachers. Therefore, the German school systems discharged all Jewish and non-Nazi teachers. At that point, 97% of the teachers in Germany belonged to the Nazi Teachers Association. Textbooks and childrens books, as well, had heavy military and anti-Semitic overtones. A modern bomber can carry 1,800 incendiaries. How long is the path along which it can distribute these bombs if it drops a bomb every second at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour? How far apart are the craters?Some childrens books even intimidated Nazi members, because they were so biased that they were horrifying. Perhaps the author that best exemplifies this was the notoriously relentless and obsessive anti-Semite, Julius Streicher. Born in Fleinhausen, Bavaria in 1885, Streicher was a German politician and journalist. He was one of the earliest and most extremist members of the Nazi party. In fact, he even participated in Hitlers 1923 rebellion. He is best known, though, for his notoriously rabid anti-Semitism displayed in his books and newspapers. Some of is works include The Poisonous Mushroom, a childrens book, and Der Strmer, a Nazi newspaper. While his works appalled even some Nazis, Hitler was intrigued by his skillful and amusing campaign. With the campaign aimed at children, the Nazis integrated both anti-Semitic ideo logy and encouraged children to join the Hitler Youth, for boys, and the League of German Girls, for girls. Indeed, the enrollment rate was very high, but the storm of children joining the two youth organizations were not all going for their hatred toward Jews. Rather, many saw it as a good opportunity to go camping, make friends (activities which the to organizations did, in fact, often do); in a way, the equivalent of our Boy/Girl Scouts of America Organization. .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc , .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .postImageUrl , .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc , .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:hover , .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:visited , .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:active { border:0!important; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:active , .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f0b41ca3f0a201254fb8f1770ce9fbc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Modern Macbeth EssayBillboards, poster, leaflets, and flyers were everywhere. Some were aimed at the adult population, some at children. Most commonly, they were to urge the public to join Hitlers crusade, for there was a job and a place for everybody. The Nazis offered men jobs in Hitlers army. If they were inexperienced, they offered training camps, seminars, and classes, in which they were taught everything from military maneuvers to how to identify a Jew. As effective of the other forms of Nazi propaganda were, the best results came from the media: newspapers, radio, and film. Control of the media was the key to gaining control of the peoples minds. Joseph Goebbles took the first step to assuming full control of the news-wire services. He then merged the different wire-services into the German News Bureau. This allowed him to control the distribution of news at its source. Now that the Nazis had full control of the news circulation in Germany, they began making laws pertaining to it. For example, in 1933, Goebbles instituted the Editors Law. This stated that all newspapers had to go through his ministry. Accordingly, the editors were responsible for every picture and word in their publication, and if Goebbles did not like what was being printed, the editors would be punished. Although, they would most commonly lose their jobs, Goebbles, on occasion, would have the person sent to a concentration camp. His regulations on new circulation so limited the liberty of the reporter, that daily press conferences were often held. There, Goebbles would dictate what should be written in the article and how it should look. Unfortunately for t he Nazis, mu ch of the population of Germany stopped reading newspapers, altogether, for they already knew what would be written. Since Goebbles realized he could not brainwash the people just through the newspaper, he then took over radio communication. By making sure stores kept a plentiful stock of inexpensive radios, a record seventy percent of German families owned at least one radio. If in the event that a family did not own one, the Nazis encouraged gathering in groups at home, at work, and at eating places to listen to the broadcasts. With over a quarter of a typical days broadcasting time being reserved solely for Nazi propaganda, the people became very vulnerable to what they heard. To be sure not one person was without the privilege of listening to daily broadcastings, the Nazis had loud speakers installed all over the country. Goebbles also seized control of the cinemas. Still a fairly new concept, motion pictures were very popular among the Germans. The Nazis began making both movies and documentaries with extremely anti-Semitic messages. There were documentaries that were merely intended for the g lorification of the Nazis, while other were tasteless, explicit movies based on mere blatant lies and biases produced by the Nazis and other anti-Semitic organizations. Some were so anti-Semitic that the actors requested that a telegraph be sent out publicizing that they themselves were not really Jewish. Despite the horrifying motion-picture campaigning, countless numbers attended these films. By now, the German population was predominantly anti-Semitic. Stage one of the Nazis plan was done. However, Nazi missionaries began coming over to the United States. Although quickly deported, they left behind their ideas. Organizations such as the Christian Front and the German-American Bund were formed and strongly supported the Nazis. Newsletters and leaflets were being mass produced throughout the country. Luckily the majority of Americans retained their morals and acceptance of Jews. In their quest for both world and racial domination, the Nazis covered all possible territory/subject-ma tter, and all possible means of accomplishing their goal. They monopolized and strictly monitored all branches of the communications and media industry. By doing this, the Nazis only allowed the people to hear what they wanted them to hear, and nothing more. In the midst of a major economic depression, the German people were both vulnerable and desperate, and the unemployment rate was very high. Thus, many people had nothing else to do beside listen to the radio and read the newspaper. Naturally, there was no commercial or industrial market, almost everything fitting into those two categories was failing, so it was not difficult to take over. Hitlers plan was working very well. Reflecting on the manner in which the term propaganda is used in this paper, it could be understandable why one could see the word as a negative term. Even though the dictionary defines propaganda as publicity to either further or damage ones cause, I am unable to picture myself defining Hitlers publicity scheme as merely marketing, promotion, or advertising. Rather, I see it as a disgusting form of disinformation (See, p. 1). In conclusion, even though the word, propaganda, can be used in reference to either positive or negative campaigning, it is how we have come to, most often, identify ideology which we do not approve of or think not to be true. Bibliography:

Assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. The WritePass Journal

Assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. Introduction Assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. IntroductionIn conclusionREFERENCES  BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction This essay will assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. Joan is 28 years old woman, suffering from depression; the Gp referred her to the counsellor who will help her to overcome it. Due to the nature of the problem, Cognitive behavioural therapy can be used to treat Joans depression condition. This therapy is an effective approach that is used for helping people to change their behaviour, thoughts and feelings. NICE 2009 illustrated that depression is a common mental health problem and it affects nearly 1 in 6 in the United Kingdom. The main signs of depression are losing interest in the normal activities as well as isolating from other people. A person suffering from depression might experience sadness feeling, crying, irritable or feeling exhausted, feeling low, blaming and feeling unworthy to live, changes in appetite and having sleepless night and the person might experience poor memory and concentration. For these reasons, the person can become critical and holding negative thoughts about himself or herself. These feelings can lead to suicide or harm. Cognitive therapy is simply a kind of psychotherapy that was created by Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis. This therapy is believed to alter unrealistic views and the way of thinking psychologists’ use cognitive therapy approach to view psychological problems for instance, depression develops from different areas of life experience. Beck discovered that cognitive therapy was an efficient intervention for treating depression. Cognitive therapy assists clients to feel better, to be aware of their feelings and to battle with their negative thoughts and perceptions (Beck, 1995; Beck, 2005). Behavioural therapy was originated from classical learning theories which come from the work of Ivan Pavlov -respondent conditioning, John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner- operant conditioning. Behavioural therapy helps the person to tackle the problems by behaving positively. For instance the person who has fear of a dog, the therapist usually helps the person by spending more time on the situation in order to make the person feels comfortable in this particular situation (Masters. et. al, 1987). Therefore cognitive behavioural therapy adds both the two techniques and normally it is performed in a structured environment with the main objective of overcoming the specific problem. A person requires doing tasks within sessions, for example using a diary to record events and finally the person learns to become his or her own therapist (Freman.et.al). In Joans case as a depressive person, the diary can be used to monitor the mood and activities as this would be useful and helpful for both the counsellor and Joan to obtain more objective view of the problem and assess possible causes and changes of symptoms during the day or week (Foreman et.al. 2009). Cognitive behavioural therapy is cheap and also a short term treatment with long lasting outcomes. It is a proficient treatment for many psychiatric conditions. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggested that   Cognitive behavioural therapy has a reputation in treating diverse problems such as relationship problems, emotional problems, stress, schizophrenia, fear, phobia and eating disorders, anxiety, depression. Several controlled trials have shown its positive outcome (www.nice.org.uk/CG91publicinfo). According to the therapeutic research, the duration of cognitive therapy is offered for 10-20 sessions. But The National Institute of mental health study on depression indicated that   16-20 sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy are not enough for most patients to overcome depression . A study in British Medical Journal in 2002, reported that people with severe depression received treatment from their general practitioners which included behavioural and educational self help materials. In November 2007,the government decided to spend  £170 million as a strategy to better psychotherapy service program and to make it more viable especially for patients with depression and anxiety. Most of them cannot afford to pay private therapists and also they have to be on the waiting lists (rcpsych.ac.uk/default.aspx). Counsellor needs to work within the British Association Code of Practice which are values, principles and personal moral qualities (bacp.co.uk/ethical_framework/. Actually these are similar to Rogerian three core conditions, empathy, non-judgement, warmth and genuiness (Sanders, 2002). Cognitive behavioural therapy needs counsellors who have experience and knowledge on how to perform interview with the patients. As (Sanders, 2002) pointed out depressive people need help, support and encouragement. Cognitive behavioural therapy usually encourages a patient to talk freely about whatever comes in his/ her mind because sometimes the patient can turn up without being prepared or planned on what to talk about (Foreman, et. Al., 2009) The counsellor should totally address the confidentiality issues with the client to make him or her feel secure in advance before the session starts (Sanders, 2002) During the session, for example looking at Joan as a depressive person she will be required to learn and practice specific strategies in every session and she will have an assignment to do such as recording events in the diary and bringing the result to the next session. The aim of this is to improve her present condition. Although this needs a lot efforts for a person who is feeling depressed. Therefore, the counsellor plays a big part and becomes very important in engaging Joan in the therapy. This can be achieved when Joan realises that the counsellor understands her situation and empathise with her feelings and able to proffer solutions to her problem (Hough,2006) Rogerian interviewing techniques are very helpful in creating good environment in therapeutic. The interviewing techniques involve paraphrasing, reflection of feelings, and summarising (Hough, 2006) Paraphrasing include repeating what the patient spoke, the counsellor supposes to use his or her own words. This indicates that the counsellors has understood accurately and reassure the client that the counsellor has been concentrating and obtaining the key message. In this point if the counsellors misinterpret the clients key points, then the client can rectify the counsellors fault (Sutton Williams). Reflection of feelings entails the statements; the counsellor usually expands the clients factual feeling and elaborates in his or her own words. This way again indicates that the counsellor has been listening accurately and identifies clients emotional state. Actually, in this section, the counsellor will be informing the client that they are emphasising together. Furthermore at this stage, the counsellor also shows his emotional reaction towards the story (Sutton Williams). Summarising is carried out throughout the session; it includes gathering and breaking down the final few moments of the discussion. As a result, this would help the client to see and understand the situation more effectively (Sutton Williams, 2002) Above all, the counsellor has to ensure that during this time in dealing with a depressive client, there should be some boundaries. Joan can feel helpless and aimless with the situation; this does not mean that the counsellor should step back. The counsellor must make sure that he is not too carried away with the clients emotions as he needs to be strong before the client and find possible way of uplifting the client (Sutton Williams, 2002). In counselling session, active listening skills are regarded as the main vessel in communicating with the client. To break the communication barrier, the counsellor needs to consider listening effectively to his clients verbal means of communication as well as understanding the non-verbal means of communication. Suppose, in Joans depressive condition, the counsellor must be able to identify and work on the clues such as negative statements that need contradiction and short phrases (Egan, 1998). However asking questions sometimes can be problematic in counselling as it reflects on external rather than internal reference. The method of asking questions enables the counsellor to get facts for their own use instead of having a desire to understand clients subjective experience of things (Sanders, 2006). On the other hand, difficulties in therapeutic alliance might happen as some of the clients can find it difficult to express themselves and to explore their interpersonal problems particularly to those problems that are connected to personal belief, others and relationships. For example (i must never let anyone to see my true self). Thus, In this situation the clients might not be willing to discuss their problems openly. This can cause the therapists behaviour to be misinterpreted because the therapist might activate his or her own negative belief and dysfunctional assumptions. As a result of this, dismiss the development of warm, equal collaborative alliance (Safran Segal, 1990). The behavioural approach helps to treat undesirable behaviour and sometimes, the problems can be deep rooted from inside. For example, in counselling session, a depressive client might re-act positively well to behavioural approach. The problem can still persist until the source of depression is recognised then lasting cure of the depression is unlikely (Hough, 2006). Furthermore, to solve this problem, it appears that a depressive client will need to be committed and starts to show high level of stress in the beginning of the session while the behavioural is occurring. Thus, counsellor who works as a strict behavioural perspective might overlook client’s view. Because of the basic principle of approach which lies on peoples reaction in an automatic way to stimuli. This view does not take into account the influence of thinking or cognition in determining behavioural (Hough, 2006). In comparison, cognitive behavioural approach to psychodynamic approach, these two approaches have dissimilar features; firstly cognitive behavioural therapy gives client a reason for the approach and techniques used. A cognitive behavioural therapy is an educative, as well as inspires clients to actively involve in the therapeutic process. Unlike psychodynamic therapy, Cognitive behavioural therapy normally pays attention on a persons functions at present time by searching the connection between feelings, belief, thoughts, attitudes, goals and behaviour. Rather than trying to evaluate unconscious psychic facts and events. Cognitive behavioural therapy assumes that persons emotional reaction is caused by his thoughts and belief about a particular event or situation (Hough, 2006). In Joans depressive condition, using psychodynamic approach, the counsellor will look at various factors that are influencing or causing depression. For instance, early childhood experiences and how these are related to an early attachment with her parents. Moreover, the counsellor will also link to Joans present relationships and the things she is doing without being aware of them as to protect herself from depressive thoughts and feelings as a result of experiencing a traumatic event (Gabbard Western, 2003). Counselling at work place module,   links with life span development module and sociology of health module. In life span development, Erick Erickson theory of eight stages of psychosocial development which stress the important of helpful and supportive environment in human life to meet psychological needs. Freud, psychodynamic theory looks at the important of relationship with other people and also considering their early childhood experience or present experience. Psychodynamic theory gives us an idea to think about other peoples feelings especially in a difficult time as it is normal for a human being to feel anxious (Bee Boyd, 2006). Counselling in the work place module,   links to sociology of health and healthcare, in terms of social behaviour and how to deal with people in professional manner. Biological model and social model of health and illness are explored and we looked at the mental health problem which can be treated not only with medicine but also with talking therapies such as psychodynamic therapy and cognitive therapy (Taylor Field, 2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy can be adequate for people who suffer from major depression. This is especially true for people who experience severe resources problems such as living in dangerous environment, food and shelter. Hence, it is obviously that these people depression is not in their head or neurotransmitter. Because of the hardship life they are experiencing, to dedicate time and make an effort to deal with depression can be inconvenience for them (Williams, 2006). In conclusion There are several evidences which have shown cognitive behavioural treatment approach in various studies. Although it should be remembered that cognitive behavioural therapy has shown a lot of achievement in treating different health problems with various studies have supporting its desirable outcomes. Cognitive behavioural therapy has its weaknesses and strengths since it requires treating the clients’ main problems. For example, a client who suffers from depression, anxiety and phobia needs a therapist who identifies both the rewards and criticisms available for the cognitive behavioural therapy. So, the client should be wise and careful to choose experienced and knowledgeable therapist who can bring about some changes in the clients psychological problems. In the past, when behavioural therapy was newly established, it was a non-humanistic approach to treatment. Behavioural therapy was unable to produce warmth and emotions to the client. But it is crucial to be aware that these behavioural plans have emerged from far away until now. In the past, behavioural therapy process included repetitious training sessions involving pairing a stimulus with a reinforcer. Since the cognitive treatment strategies added with cognitive behavioural strategies, cognitive behavioural therapy has considered and reflected on the person. REFERENCES   Beck, A.T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953-959. Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy- Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Bee, H., Boyd, D.,( 2006). Lifespan Development. 4th ed Pearson education.Printed in the United States of America. Clark, D. A. Steer, R. A. (1996). Empirical status of the cognitive model of anxiety and depression. In Frontiers of Cognitive Ttherapy (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), pp. 75-96. New. Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Egan, G., (1998). The Skilled Helper, 6th edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, . follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Foreman, I.,E.,   Elliot,H., C., Smith, L., L. .(2009). Anxiety Depression Workbook For Dummies.John wileyS ons publishing. Gabbard, G,O,, Westen, D, (2003). Rethinking therapeutic action. International Journal of Psychoanalysis,84, 823-41. Hough M., (2006).Counselling Skills and Theory, 2nd ed.,Brooks/Cole Publishing Company in California. bacp.co.uk/information/education/ rcpsych.ac.uk/default.aspx accessed on 10/03/2011 Masters, J,C., Burish, T,G., HoHon, S,D., Rimm, D,G.(1987).   Behavior Therapy. Techniques of Congress Cataloging Russell, D.E. Norvig, P., (2009). Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall Safran, J. Segal, Z. V. (1990) Interpersonal Process in Cognitive Sanders, P.,2002. First Steps in Counselling. A students companion for basic introductory courses. Third (edition). Shea, T., Elkin, I , Imber, S.D., Sotsky, S.M., Watkins, J.T., CoUins, J.F., Pilkonis, P.A., Backham, E., Glass, D.R., Dolan, R.T., Parloff, M.B. (1992). Course of depressive symptoms over follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Sutton, J., Stewart, W., (2002). Learning to Counsel:Develop the skills you need to counsel others.2rd ed., How to Books Ltd in United Kingdom., Taylor, S., Field,D.(2007).Sociology of health and health care, 4th ed. BIBLIOGRAPHY Beck, A.T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953-959. Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy- Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Bee, H., Boyd, D.,( 2006). Lifespan Development. 4th ed Pearson education. Printed in the United States of America. Clark, D. A. Steer, R. A. (1996). Empirical status of the cognitive model of anxiety and depression. In Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), pp. 75-96. New. Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Egan, G., (1998). The Skilled Helper, 6th edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, . follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Foreman, I.,E.,   Elliot,H., C., Smith, L., L. .(2009). Anxiety Depression Workbook For Dummies.John wiley Sons publishing. Gabbard, G,O,, Westen, D, (2003). Rethinking therapeutic action. International Journal of Psychoanalysis,84, 823-41. Hough M., (2006).Counselling Skills and Theory, 2nd ed.,Brooks/Cole Publishing Company in California. bacp.co.uk/information/education/ rcpsych.ac.uk/default.aspx accessed on 10/03/2011 Masters, J,C., Burish, T,G., HoHon, S,D., Rimm, D,G.(1987).   Behavior Therapy. Techniques of Congress Cataloging Russell, D.E. Norvig, P., (2009). Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall Safran, J. Segal, Z. V. (1990) Interpersonal Process in Cognitive Sanders, P.,2002. First Steps in Counselling. A students companion for basic introductory courses. Third (edition). Shea, T., Elkin, I , Imber, S.D., Sotsky, S.M., Watkins, J.T., CoUins, J.F., Pilkonis, P.A., Backham, E., Glass, D.R., Dolan, R.T., Parloff, M.B. (1992). Course of depressive symptoms over follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Sutton, J., Stewart, W., (2002). Learning to Counsel. Develop the skills you need to counsel others.2rd ed., How to Books Ltd in United Kingdom., Taylor, S., Field, D.(2007).Sociology of health and health care, 4th ed.Library Therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson. Williams, C,. (2006). Overcoming depression and Low mood. A   Five areas approach. 2nd ed. Hodder Arnord. Oxford University Press. New York.

IAS 16 and IAS 40(International Accounting Standards) Essay

IAS 16 and IAS 40(International Accounting Standards) - Essay Example How will Gale plc determine whether the building is an investment property or not? As per the presented information, it is hard to determine whether the building is an investment property. This is due to the fact that, according to the definition presented by IAS 40 in iasplus.com website, an investment property refers to such property that includes buildings and land or part of such that is either held by the legal owner or lessee for the purpose of earning rentals or for the reasons of achieving appreciation of capital or even both. Examples of such property are with the inclusion of land that is held for the prospected use in indefinite future or for the purposes of its appreciation in value, a building being leased under the type of lease known as operating lease or even any given property that has been developed or constructed for future utilisation as an investment property. Therefore, owner occupied property that is being held for future disposal does not really fall under inv estment properties. (iasplu.com, 2011) (b) After initial recognition, describe the accounting treatment that should be adopted for a building in accordance with IAS16, assuming it is not an investment property? IAS 16, as Holt writes, deals with (PPE) Plant, Property and Equipment. The definition put across by IAS 16 with regards to Plant, Property and Equipment is any tangible type of asset which any given entity may hold for rental purposes or for own use and which the same entity expects to utilise for more than a period. This PPE could have been either constructed or bought by the reporting entity. Any item falling under PPE has to be recognised by the reporting entity as an asset. In case the future benefits as well as losses that are expected from the asset can be reasonably quantified, then the item of PPE should be taken in the books of the entity as an asset. PPE, in accordance to IAS 16, is originally recognised in the books at the cost of the item and this is the fair val ue of the price paid to obtain the asset. The costs that have been incurred in the process of having the asset in its condition of working should be capitalised as the IAS states. These cost outlays may be with the inclusion of architects’ fee in the case of a building. If applicable directly attributable types of overhead costs as well as borrowing costs should form part of the costs. During the stage of production, all earned revenues should form part of the incomes in the income statement as opposed to capitalising the same. Following the initial recognition of such an asset that falls under PPE, like in this case- a building, the given asset should be valued at cost minus any accumulated depreciation or at the amount of revaluation, which is the fair value of the asset minus depreciation. Note that in the case of fair value, such must be reliably measured. There should be subsequent revaluations with enough regularity to allow for the carrying amount to be in the whereabo uts of the fair value. Revaluation may bring about a surplus or a deficit and this, according to IAS 16 should be included in the retained earnings. In case of depreciation, the depreciable amount is to be allocated using a systematic way over the useful life of that asset, (in this case the building). (Holt, 2010) (c) After initial recognition, describe the accounting treatment that should be adopted for an investment property in the accounts according to IAS 40? In the process of accounting for property, be it buildings, land or parts of buildings, is to classify such in accordance to IAS 40. If such assets are for capital appreciation or rental purposes as opposed to supply or production of commodities, not intended for disposal or for administration then these should be reclassified from Property, Plant and Equipment to property for investment if such is deemed essential. (Wittsiepe, 2008 p133) An investment property shall be accounted for in the accounts as an asset only under the situation that; there can a reasonable way to

Kant's ethical theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kant's ethical theory - Essay Example Immanuel Kant is the founder of Critical Philosophy, and he is also the Father of Modern Philosophy. By applying the Critical Method to the study of Pure Reason, Practical Reason and Judgement, Kant endeavored himself to the knowledge of Man. His findings provide a wide spectrum of implications in order to establish the frameworks of Absolute Empiricism,Absolute Rationalism and Absolute Idealism In the realm of any ethical theory, there are some standpoints that can be taken, so an ethical system could be Deontological, Teleological, Consequentialist, Relativism/Subjectivism, and Virtue Based Theories. Kant’s ethical theory is purely based on duty, so it is deontological. The uniqueness and originality of his ethical theory springs from the application of the concept of Categorical Imperatives (unconditional) instead of Hypothetical Imperatives (condicional) as the philosophers before Kant used to build their ethical theories, especially in the case of Thomas Aquinas. The Cate gorical Imperatives demand to be universalizable in order to be accepted as valid guidelines for action. The concepts of autonomy and heteronomy along with the principle of treating human beings as ends in themselves, not as means, give rise to valid conclusions about respect for human dignity, freedom in every ethical choice, and the eventual state of peace that can be accomplished with such an ethical system. It lacks the presence of Unconditional Love as Kant tried by all means not to deal with the conflicts that arise out of building an ethical theory based on emotions. But Unconditional Love is much more than an emotion as it can be considered to be a Categorical Principle. 2. Defining how Kant distinguishes between autonomy and heteronomy. Autonomy is the freedom of choice without any external determination, and Kant established that it is necessary for a human act to be considered moral in itself. Heteronomy is the external determination of human acts (for example, God or a motivation based on any kind of reward or punishement) so heteronomy interferes with the freedom of choice of the individual taking away from the agent the capacity of using his/her reason as a whole human being according to the Law of Nature to act in a moral way. The implications of this standpoint about morality are summed up as follows: "If our actions are pre-determined and we merely bounce around like snooker-balls, we cannot be described as free and morality doesn't apply to us. Kant could not prove that we are free - rather, he presumed that we could act morally, and for this to be the case we must be free. He also thought that it followed that there must be a God and life after death, otherwise morality would make no sense." (RSRevision.Com, 2006). 3. Explaining Kant's formulation of the "categorical imperative." A categorical imperative is an unconditional motivation to act morally as a free agent. This concept is very useful from a practical viewpoint since actions guided by a categorical imperative are free from speculations or dogmatic interpretations. That way our actions are morally correct, and they are good in themselves since they are valid for everybody according to the universalization process explained by Kant. Those actions spring from the good will of man since the main motivation is a strong sense of duty. Some of the formulations of the categorical imperative are the following: "Act only on that maxim (intention) whereby at the same time you can will that it shall become a universal law" () "Always act to treat humanity, whether in yourself or in others, as an end in itself, never merely as a means." (Philosopher.Org, no date). 4. Explaining how adherence to the categorical imperative provides for autonomous ethical choice. Whenever we are faced with conflictive choices the categorical i

The Road By Aaron Bellam Essay Example for Free

ï » ¿The Road By Aaron Bellam Essay History has had little conscience when it comes to human suffering and struggle. The world has brought us murder, torture, and terror in the packages of war, politics, and everyday human relationships. Religious battles keep racism, greed, and suffering real. The positive is not always apparent when one looks at human existence. Aside from the physical struggle humans had to endure and overcome, emotions also challenge us in hard times. Cormac McCarthy’s The Road, a story set after an apocalypse, takes the characters beyond physical challenges like cold and hunger. In their dystopia, the characters must also face their emotional struggles. As they journey across the dark, barren land, the boy and his father experience the feelings of desperation, fear and hope. The first emotion that urges the pair on in their journey is desperation. The father and son are desperate for many things; food, warmth, and not to be caught and raped by others. As well; the two are desperate to find and share with other good guys. The man and his emaciated bay have such a strong desperation to find food and food is so scarce that the pair finds â€Å"the bones of a small animal dismembered and placed in a pile, possibly a cat†. (McCarthy.2006.Pg26) This find is proof that other survivors have turned to alternate forms of food to try and give themselves energy for the trek. Warmth is another huge luxury that the father and his boy wish they had. After a find of supplies in an abandoned house, they ‘sat wrapped in the quilt naked while the man held the boy’s feet to his stomach to warm them. (McCarthy. 2006.Pg31). The man is obviously willing to do anything; he is determined to keep his son warm and comfortable, even if it takes away from his own comfort. Hiding from people looking to catch others to eat is a further element of despair the two are forced to cope with. Cannibals roam this dystopia. After finding people in a cellar, some with limbs chopped off, the son is left horrified. The man and the son are desperate to find other ‘good guys’ like them so that they aren’t alone. Moreover, there are many other emotions the trekkers are desperate for; however these four are some of the most pressing. Ironically, this ugly emotion helps to keep the two going. The second, and most important emotion that drives the father and his son forward, is Fear. The apocalypse has given the man and his son reason to be fearful of many  things: Strangers, Starvation, and being alone. The father is so afraid of strangers that every time they come across another person he becomes very hostile. When they came upon a traveler, they followed him, perhaps because â€Å"The traveler was not one for looking back. They followed him for a while and then they overtook him.† (McCarthy.2006.Pg161) The man has changed drastically since his wife le ft him, and he has become very protective of his son. Starvation is another fear that drives them forward; food is very scarce and when they find food they do what they can to keep people from taking it from them. When the pair sees an old man called Ely walking down the street the father says I see and â€Å"the boy turned and looked at him. I know what the question is the man said. The answer is no. What question? Can we keep him? We can’t.† (McCarthy.2006.Pg.164). After the death of his father the boy is discovered by a family that had been following them. Even though the man had taught him to be very cautious around other people, the boy was very lonely and feared having to travel by himself ,so after making sure that they were â€Å"good guys†; he asked them â€Å"are you carrying the fire? Am I what? Carrying the fire. You’re kind of weirded out, aren’t you? No. Just a little. Yeah. That’s ok. So are you? What, carrying the fire? Yes. Yeah we are.† (McCarthy.2006.Pg283/284), he decides to travel with the family. And while fear is one of the most important emotions the pair faces in the book it is also one of the most important that people have faced since we first developed emotions. And even though fear plays a big part in their movement forward there is still another that is just as important. The Third and final emotion that is expressed in the novel is hope. The boy’s character is a sign of hope to the father throughout the book. In the father’s view the boy is almost described as holy, â€Å"if he is not the word of god, god never spoke†, which gives the sense that the boy is precious to the man and that the boy is the father’s hope like a god is a religious person’s hope. The boy also gives a sense of hope to the reader. This is from his sense of goodness and innocence, the way he gave food to the old m an at the side of the road, which in this world the reader gets a sense that goodness and innocence is unheard of. This gives this bleak, horrific, world a feeling of humanity, a feeling that gives the destroyed world a future â€Å"Goodness will find the little boy. It always has. It will again.† In the road there is a repeated reference to ‘carrying the flame’ which is a symbol  of hope. It is a symbol that mankind will always live on throughout any circumstances. When the man dies he tells the boy the he is now carrying the flame which shows the man’s hope of a better future or merely a just a future for the boy. The food is a sign presented by Cormac McCarthy of hope, when the food is low the scene is shown grimly and when the food is plentiful. When they find the bunker full of food, page 146, the text is full of short sentences ‘Canned hams.’, ‘Corned beef’ which show the father’s joy and almost disbelief of how hopeful the future will be with this plenty. Other than the boy the father has hope in very few things. But one thing which is shown throughout The Road is the father’s sense of morals. The father always reassures the boy and himself that they are the good guys, because they aren’t turning to cannibalism, which gives them the hope to keep them going because they are, to the father, keeping goodness in the world alive, ‘carrying the flame’. In the father’s dream, page 2, the father and the son are holding a light, ‘Their light playing over the wet flowstone walls.’ Which could be interpreted as a reference to the ‘carrying the flame’. The mother is a character presenting hope that has been lost. The mother commits suicide as this is what she sees as the brightest option. The mother says â€Å"as for me my only hope is for eternal nothingness and I hope it with all my heart.† (McCarthy.2006.Pg58/59), this shows how the mother has lost all hope of a future and nothingness is better than life on borrowed time. The last paragraph in the road is full of hope for the boy and the earth’s future. Cormac McCarthy presents the theme of hope in many different ways. He shows the lost hope of people in end of the world situations, the mother and the cannibals. The hope for the future, carrying the flame and the last paragraph. The hope for goodness and generosity in the world, the father’s view of the boy and carrying the flame. Cormac McCarthy’s The Road, a story set in a post-apocalyptic earth, showed the journey off a Man and his son: as they faced physical challenges, such as, Cold and Hunger, they also faced emotional challenges through Desperation, Fear, and Hope. This is a story that shows the perseverance of a man and his son, as they fight to survive.